Are there sharks in Hawaii? Of course there are! Sadly, the sun-splashed and surf-washed 50th state of the USA has some of the worst records for shark attacks in the world. There are around 40 species of these marine creatures lurking beneath the surface of Hawaiian waters. Luckily, not all of them are dangerous. Unfortunately, some are…
With miles of coastline on the roaring Pacific Ocean that’s dashed by coral reef and golden sand, lush green jungles cut through by gurgling waterfalls, and wild volcanoes inland, it’s easy to see why so many people see Hawaii as a paradise on Earth. It’s a major destination for surfers, swimmers, and divers, but also hikers and honeymooners keen to watch shimmering sunsets. The truth is that thousands of people hit the water in Hawaii every day without ever spotting a shark, although biting incidents are not unheard of and encounters are relatively common.
This guide will aim to answer the question “are there sharks in Hawaii?” by taking an in-depth look at nine key species you may find in the Aloha State. You will learn about the most dangerous and the most common sharks that swim in Hawaiian waters, along with plenty about a handful of other species that frequently pass by the home of Aloha. Let’s get started…
Table of Contents
Tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier)
Are there sharks in Hawaii that you should fear? The short answer to that is yes. And tiger sharks are probably just about the most dangerous ones out there! They have been responsible for the most shark attacks in Hawaiian waters over the years, but luckily, most victims have survived. It was the tiger shark that famously attacked a young surfer in 2003, Bethany Hamilton, who lost her arm while surfing around Kauai.
These are big sharks, the second largest predatory species after great whites, no less. They can grow up to 16 feet but rarely exceed 13 feet in length. They typically weigh between 386 and 1,400 pounds. The thing to look out for to distinguish a tiger shark from others is the shape of its head. It’s quite wide and flat with a short but broad snout and a large mouth. Their nostrils are relatively far apart, pretty much on par with their eyes. You can also recognize them by their skin color, which ranges from blue to light green, with a white or slightly yellowish belly. Younger individuals have characteristic stripes on their backs, hence the name, though those will usually fade as the shark ages.
Despite the fact that tiger sharks pose the most threat to people swimming in Hawaiian waters, their overall bite rate is low. The main reason they’re dangerous is that they often visit shallow waters around reefs and canals and are commonly found at river estuaries. That means you’re more likely to encounter them than many other species. Of course, loads of people still swim and surf around the pristine Hawaiian beaches without ever spotting these marine beasts, but you should stay vigilant.
The most recent confirmed attack by a tiger shark in Hawaii happened in May 2021 around Maui. There were four reported incidents that year but none of the victims died. Sadly, there was one confirmed fatal incident in December 2020 in Honolua Bay, around 20 feet from the shore. The victim was a surfer.
Great white shark (Carcharodon carcharias)
Another of the most scary beasts that live in Hawaiian waters is the infamous great white shark, which was portrayed in the popular Hollywood horror, Jaws. Its fearsome reputation is well deserved – this shark is responsible for the highest number of attacks on people worldwide. Luckily, sightings of great whites in Hawaii are extremally rare, so they’re not the biggest threat to the surfers and swimmers in the land of Aloha.
You can recognize great whites by their coloring. Their dark grey backs drastically change into white underneath rather than blend, as is the case with the majority of sharks. When it comes to their shape, they’re quite bulky with a characteristic pointed snout and a triangular dorsal fin. Females are larger than males – a lot larger! They can grow up to 20ft in length and weigh a whopping 5,000lbs. That said, most individuals are much smaller, between 11 and 15ft long, and around 1,600 pounds in weight.
The most recent incident that involved a great white in Hawaii was off Banyans in Kailua-Kona in December 2021. A surfer, Jared Willeford, suffered lacerations to his left forearm, an injury that wasn’t life-threatening. There was also viral footage of a 15-foot great white swimming toward a diver off Kona on the Big Island in November 2021.
Galapagos shark (Carcharhinus galapagensis)
Another dangerous shark you might spot in Hawaii is the Galapagos shark. That said, they are nowhere near as aggressive as tiger sharks or great whites, so getting attacked by one is extremally unlikely. There have been a couple of biting incidents confirmed to be caused by the Galapagos, but all of them were considered provoked. What’s more, none of the victims sustained serious injuries.
Galapagos sharks usually reach just under 10 feet in length and don’t usually weigh more than 430 pounds in all. They have slender bodies and rounded snouts. It’s quite hard to distinguish these sharks from grey reef sharks and dusky sharks because of their spindle-shaped bodies, but you can tell them apart by looking at their dorsal fin, which is tall and rounded at the tip.
There are only a select few places where Galapagos sharks live around the planet. Naturally, they live all around the waters of the Galapagos archipelago in the Pacific. Apart from that, they tend to pop up in isolated population pockets around warm-water tropical destinations in the Caribbean and the Indian Ocean. They also like Hawaii, where they mainly stick to the drop-off near the continental shelf and the inner reefs of major bays.
Blacktip shark (Carcharhinus limbatus)
Blacktip sharks are amongst the most common sharks that live in the ocean around the Hawaiian Islands. They like warm, shallow waters, close to the coast and beaches, and often dwell near rivermouths. That means spotting a blacktip while swimming is relatively likely – sorry! There is no need to panic, though, they’re not considered to be very dangerous to humans.
Blacktips show some interest in people they encounter but tend to stay at a distance because of their timid nature. That said, because of their size and agility, they are capable of harming people, and they might become aggressive if they spot some food, so we don’t recommend getting too close to these marine creatures.
They can grow up to 8 feet long and don’t usually weigh more than 270 pounds. They have pointed snouts and small eyes. Their jaws are lined with 15 spiny teeth on each side. Blacktips are grey, but you can recognize them by the white stripe that’s visible on both sides of the body and – of course – the black tips that dash across most of their fins.
Scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini)
Hammerhead sharks are by far the most unique looking fish in their family. You’ll recognize them in a jiffy on account of the shape of their heads. Yes, they look a bit like hammers! You can distinguish scalloped hammerheads from other hammerheads by an indentation that is visible in the center of their wide heads – it’s a small groove that runs virtually equidistance between the two eyes.
Usually measuring between five and eight feet and typically weighing between 64 to 180lbs, scalloped hammerheads are now a critically endangered species according to the IUCN. Their laterally elongated heads are not just a decorative feature. They help them detect and capture prey. Due to their size and sharp teeth, they can potentially be dangerous to people, but these are not naturally aggressive creatures. They usually swim away if they get approached.
In Hawaii, the adults usually live offshore in the deep ocean, but they do come close to the coastline to have pups. They have been spotted in Hilo Bay, Kane’ohe Bay, and Waimea Bay amongst other locations.
Whitetip reef shark (Triaenodon obesus)
If you’re asking are there sharks in Hawaii that you don’t need to be scared of, then the answer is yes to that too! One of those species is the whitetip reef shark. It’s among the most common sharks in the whole Pacific Ocean, although their numbers have been decreasing due to overfishing in recent decades. So much so, in fact, that they are now officially listed as vulnerable by the IUCN.
Whitetips are relatively small sharks and don’t usually exceed 5 feet in length. They have slim bodies and wide heads with a rounded snout. Like most sharks, they’re grey on top and whitish underneath, but you can recognize them by the bright white tips on some of their fins. Whitetips usually spend their days resting in caves and lava tubes off the Hawaiian coast. They’re more active at night when they hunt for smaller marine creatures that include eels, octopi, and small, bony fish.
These guys have a geographical range that means they can be found right across the Indo-Pacific. Hawaii is actually the northern extremity of that range, which spreads south and east through Polynesia and Macronesia, all around the Indian subcontinent and out to Madagascar and East Africa.
Gray reef shark (Carcharhinus amblyrhynchos)
Grey reef sharks – just as the name implies – live in the reefs around the more remote northwestern Hawaiian Islands – mainly Puuwai and the remote north coast of Kauai. They like rugged terrain and strong currents rather than soft, sandy sea bottoms, which means you’re most likely to encounter these sharks if you’re scuba diving or snorkelling.
They don’t usually grow much beyond six feet when they reach adulthood, but there have been cases of larger individuals that were eight feet long. They’re typically grey with a white coloring underneath but can sometimes appear bronze. Their diet mainly comprises smaller bony fish, as well as squid, octopi, and lobsters.
These sharks are quite curious when approached by people, but rarely aggressive. There has only been a handful of biting incidents that involved these reef swimmers worldwide, usually involving divers. The good news is that none of them happened in Hawaii. One thing to note: Grey reef sharks will often adopt a defensive pose when feeling threatened. It’s not unlike a cat’s – think an arched back and side-to-side movements.
Blacktip reef shark (Carcharhinus melanopterus)
The blacktip reef shark is one of the most common requiem sharks living in the tropical reefs of the Indian and the Pacific Oceans. They typically dwell in the shallow corals not far off the shore of smaller Hawaiian Islands and atolls. They don’t like deep, cooler waters in the open ocean at all and are hardly ever found in H2O that’s over 75m from surface to sea floor.
They’re relatively small representatives of the shark family and don’t usually grow beyond six feet long in their adulthood. As the name suggests, these species have black tips on all of their fins, but they shouldn’t be confused with their larger cousin, the blacktip shark, which are different species entirely!
These sharks are rather timid and don’t pose much danger to humans. They usually swim away if they encounter people, but there have been a handful of minor biting incidents in other parts of the globe. They’re noted to be fast swimmers and agile hunters and are amongst the most successful apex predators in the world. Their usual prey includes small cuttlefish, octopi, shrimps, and squid. However, reef sharks have been known to fall prey themselves to larger shark species.
Bignose shark (Carcharhinus altimus)
The bignose shark is a species of requiem shark that lives in tropical and subtropical waters across the world, including the Pacific Ocean around Hawaii. They prefer deep ocean and rarely come to the shore, so you’re unlikely to see one if you stick close to the coastline. That means they’re not considered to be dangerous to humans, because they hardly ever encounter any people.
These sharks are quite big and could be intimidating if you did happen to see one. They can reach up to 12 feet in length and weigh in at 370 pounds. That said, it is us that pose a greater threat to them than they to us. Bignose sharks have been overfished globally, and their numbers have been declining. However, they aren’t sought after commercially in the US since they have been on a prohibited list since 2007. Today, though, they are officially listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN.
Since they prefer the deeper waters beyond the drop of the coral shelf, bignose sharks usually hunt bottom dwelling fish like flatfish and rays. They have also been known to seek out other, smaller shark species to make their dinner, including the common dogfish.
Are there sharks in Hawaii – the conclusion.
Are there sharks in Hawaii? Yes, there are! There are about 40 different species of these most feared marine creatures in the part of the Pacific that surrounds the Hawaiian Islands. The tiger shark is the one to fear the most since it’s responsible for the most attacks on people in this part of the world. There is also a slim chance of spotting the infamous great white, but luckily there are not many of them around the US’s 50th state. While Hawaii has a pretty bad reputation for shark attacks, most people don’t even catch a glimpse of a triangular fin poking out of the water during their trip. That said, you should always keep up to date with the warning signs if you’re planning to swim, surf, snorkel, or dive in the land of Aloha.
Are there great white sharks in Hawaii?
There are great white sharks in Hawaii. In fact, there are sightings of the mighty beast that inspired Spielberg’s Jaws almost every year, along with infrequent reports of attacks on humans caused by these guys. They’re most commonly seen in the cooler months between January and April, because they tend to prefer water that’s below 75 F/23 C.
What’s the most dangerous shark in Hawaii?
The most dangerous shark in Hawaii is probably the tiger shark. We say that because they have the dubious record of having killed or attacked the highest number of people in the Aloha State. Of course, they aren’t the only shark that could pose a potential threat to humans in this part of the world. There are also great whites and bignose sharks, for example.
How many shark attacks have there been in Hawaii?
There have been 116 confirmed shark attacks in Hawaii since 1828, when records began. Of those, just eight have been fatal. That’s just over 1.5 shark attacks per year for the state as a whole. The number is roughly in line with about 10% of the shark attacks that occur in the United States of America as a whole.